{"id":1130,"date":"2011-05-08T00:08:29","date_gmt":"2011-05-07T22:08:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.estudiodefrances.com\/?p=1130"},"modified":"2021-03-29T08:21:04","modified_gmt":"2021-03-29T06:21:04","slug":"los-verbos-franceses-angel-luis-caraballo-rios-ph-d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.estudiodefrances.com\/?p=1130","title":{"rendered":"Los verbos franceses. Los 3 grupos explicados."},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c1ngel Luis Caraballo R\u00edos, Ph. D. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Los gram\u00e1ticos franceses han dividido las conjugaciones de los verbos en tres grupos bas\u00e1ndose en la terminaci\u00f3n de los verbos en infinitivo. El primer grupo consta de los verbos terminados en -er exceptuando el verbo aller. El segundo grupo consta de los verbos cuyo infinitivo termine en -ir y cuyo participio presente termine en -issant. Al tercer grupo pertenecen todos los dem\u00e1s verbos, esto es: aller, el resto de los verbos terminados en -ir (cuyo participio presente termine s\u00f3lo en -ant) incluyendo todos los terminados en -oir y los terminados en -re.<\/p>\n

A los dos primeros grupos se les conoce como verbos regulares ya que pueden ser conjugados siguiendo una serie de reglas relativamente uniformes. El tercer grupo es considerado una conjugaci\u00f3n irregular ya que no se ajusta a reglas uniformes. A este \u00faltimo grupo pertenecen solo alrededor de 350 verbos y es considerado una conjugaci\u00f3n muerta ya que los verbos de nueva creaci\u00f3n son siempre regulares (mayormente pertenecientes al primer grupo de verbos).<\/p>\n

Al primer grupo pertenecen, entre muchos otros, los verbos: trouver, aimer, d\u00e9tester, danser, appr\u00e9cier, commencer, manger, pr\u00e9f\u00e9rer, c\u00e9der, cr\u00e9er, acheter, peser, appeler, envoyer, nettoyer, ennuyer y payer.<\/p>\n

Al segundo grupo pertenecen, entre otros, los verbos: finir, rougir, ob\u00e9ir, r\u00e9tablir, remplir, accomplir, applaudir, avertir, blanchir, choisir, d\u00e9molir, maigrir, grossir, grandir, g\u00e9mir, fleurir, garantir, unir, vieillir y refroidir.<\/p>\n

Al tercer grupo, el grupo de los irregulares, pertenecen: aller, dormir, sentir, courir, mourir, offrir, servir, ouvrir, couvrir, partir, venir, avoir, asseoir, voir, recevoir, pouvoir, savoir, devoir, pleuvoir, falloir, valoir, vouloir, lire, dire, rire, sourire, suffire, taire, croire, conduire, rendre, prendre, perdre, mettre, attendre, comprendre, \u00eatre, entendre, faire, conna\u00eetre, na\u00eetre, conclure, convaincre, boire, mordre, vivre y peindre.<\/p>\n

Primer grupo <\/strong><\/p>\n

Como ejemplo de la uniformidad de estos verbos, consideremos el presente del indicativo de los verbos regulares. En general, los verbos del primer grupo tienen las siguientes terminaciones:<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
Trouver <\/strong><\/td>\nAimer <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ra\u00edz trouv <\/strong><\/td>\nRa\u00edz aim <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Je trouv e <\/strong>
\nTu trouv es <\/strong>
\nIl\/elle trouv e <\/strong>
\nNous trouv ons <\/strong>
\nVous trouv ez <\/strong>
\nIls\/elles trouv ent <\/strong><\/td>\n		J’aim e <\/strong>
\nTu aim es <\/strong>
\nIl\/elle aim e <\/strong>
\nNous aim ons <\/strong>
\nVous aim ez <\/strong>
\nIls\/elles aim ent <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

– Observa que estando en el primer grupo, los verbos terminados en -cer, como commencer, cambian la c final por \u00e7 delante de -ons as\u00ed como los verbos terminados en -ger, como manger, a\u00f1aden una e delante de -ons para conservar el sonido original del infinitivo. Veamos:<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Commencer <\/strong><\/td>\nManger <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Je commence
\nTu commences
\nIl\/elle commence
\nNous commen \u00e7 <\/strong>ons
\nVous commencez
\nIls\/elles commencent<\/td>\n		Je mange
\nTu manges
\nIl\/elle mange
\nNous mang e <\/strong>ons
\nVous mangez
\nIls\/elles mangent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

– Los verbos que terminan en -\u00e9 + consonante + er (como pr\u00e9f\u00e9rer) y la mayor\u00eda de los terminados en -e + consonante + er (tales como mener y acheter) tienen la particularidad que cambian la pen\u00faltima \u00e9 o e por \u00e8 cuando la vocal de la \u00faltima s\u00edlaba es una e muda (esto es, cuando la terminaci\u00f3n es: e, es o ent). Veamos los siguientes ejemplos:<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Pr\u00e9f\u00e9rer <\/strong><\/td>\nAcheter <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Je pr\u00e9f \u00e8 <\/strong>re
\nTu pr\u00e9f \u00e8 <\/strong>res
\nIl\/elle pr \u00e9 <\/strong>f\u00e8re
\nNous pr\u00e9f\u00e9rons
\nVous pr\u00e9f\u00e9rez
\nIls\/elles pr\u00e9f \u00e8 <\/strong>rent<\/td>\n		J’ach \u00e8 <\/strong>te
\nTu ach \u00e8 <\/strong>tes
\nIl\/elle ach \u00e8 <\/strong>te
\nNous achetons
\nVous achetez
\nIls\/elles ach \u00e8 <\/strong>tent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

– La mayor parte de los verbos terminados en -eter o en -eler (tales como jeter y appeler) en lugar de cambiar la e por \u00e8 como se explic\u00f3 arriba doblan la t o la l cuando la vocal de la \u00faltima s\u00edlaba es e muda. (N\u00f3tese que los verbos acheter y modeler siguen la regla anterior de cambiar e por \u00e8).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Jeter <\/strong><\/td>\nAppeler <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Je je tt <\/strong>e
\nTu je tt <\/strong>es
\nIl\/elle je tt <\/strong>e
\nNous jetons
\nVous jetez
\nIls\/elles je tt <\/strong>ent<\/td>\n		J’appe ll <\/strong>e
\nTu appe ll <\/strong>es
\nIl\/elle appe ll <\/strong>e
\nNous appelons
\nVous appelez
\nIls\/elles appe ll <\/strong>ent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

– Los verbos terminados en -oyer y -uyer (como nettoyer y ennuyer) tienen la particularidad de cambiar la y por i delante de las terminaciones con e muda.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Nettoyer <\/strong><\/td>\nEnnuyer <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Je netto i <\/strong>e
\nTu netto i <\/strong>es
\nIl\/elle netto i <\/strong>e
\nNous nettoyons
\nVous nettoyez
\nIls\/elles netto i <\/strong>ent<\/td>\n		J’ennu i <\/strong>e
\nTu ennu i <\/strong>es
\nIl\/elle ennu i <\/strong>e
\nNous ennuyons
\nVous ennuyez
\nIls\/elles ennu i <\/strong>ent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

– Los verbos terminados en -ayer (como payer) tienen la particularidad de poderse conjugar de dos formas distintas. Pueden conjugarse como en los casos anteriores en donde se cabia la y por i delante de e muda o pueden conjugarse sin realizar este cambio. Veamos:<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Payer <\/strong><\/td>\nPayer <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Je pa i <\/strong>e
\nTu pa i <\/strong>es
\nIl\/elle pa i <\/strong>e
\nNous payons
\nVous payez
\nIls\/elles pa i <\/strong>ent<\/td>\n		Je paye
\nTu payes
\nIl\/elle paye
\nNous payons
\nVous payez
\nIls\/elles payent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

Segundo grupo <\/strong><\/p>\n

Los verbos del segundo grupo tienen las siguientes terminaciones en el presente del indicativo:<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
Finir <\/strong><\/td>\nRougir <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ra\u00edz fin <\/strong><\/td>\nRa\u00edz roug <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Je fin is <\/strong>
\nTu fin is <\/strong>
\nIl\/elle fin it <\/strong>
\nNous fin issons <\/strong>
\nVous fin issez <\/strong>
\nIls\/elles fin issent <\/strong><\/td>\n		Je roug is <\/strong>
\nTu roug is <\/strong>
\nIl\/elle roug it <\/strong>
\nNous roug issons <\/strong>
\nVous roug issez <\/strong>
\nIls\/elles roug issent <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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